ACTIVE VOICE adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya melakukan pekerjaan, sebaliknya, kalimat pasif (passive voice) adalah kalimat dimana subject-nya dikenai pekerjaan oleh object kalimat.
Active voice lebih sering digunakan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dibandingkan dengan passive voice. Namun demikian, sering kita temukan passive voice di surat-surat kabar, artikel-artikel di majalah-majalah dan tulisan-tulisan ilmiah.
Passive voice ini digunakan karena penulis atau pembicara ingin menempatkan informasi yang dia anggap paling penting (atau lebih penting) di awal kalimat.
Contoh :
- Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
- Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months
Dari contoh ini dapat kita dilihat bahwa:
- Object dari active voice (the soil) menjadi subject dari passive voice
- Subject dari active voice (we) menjadi object dari passive voice. Perhatikan pula bahwa terjadi perubahan yaitu dari subject pronoun ‘we’ menjadi object pronoun ‘us’.
- Verb1 (fertilize) pada active voice menjadi verb3 (fertilized) pada passive voice.
- Ditambahkannya be ‘is’ di depan verb3. Be yang digunakan adalah tergantung pada subject passive voice dan tenses yang digunakan. (Perhatikan pola-pola passive voice di bawah).
- Ditambahkannya kata ‘by’ di belakang verb3. Namun, jika object dari passive voice dianggap tidak penting atau tidak diketahui, maka object biasanya tidak dikemukakan dan begitu pula kata ‘by’.
- Khusus untuk kalimat-kalimat progressive (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, dan past future perfect continuous, perlu menambahkan ‘being’ di depan verb3, seperti pada contoh-contoh di bawah.
Formating The Passive
ACTIVE : (a) The reserach workers face the sample problems.
PASSIVE : (b) The sample problems are faced by the research workers | Form of the passive : be + past participle |
In the passive, the object of an active verb becomes the subject of the passive verb: “the sample problems” in (a) becomes the subject of the passive verb in (b)
(a) and (b) have the same meaning
|
Berdasarkan keenam poin di atas maka passive voice mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier |
Dengan catatan bahwa,
a. Jika active voice dalam present tense, maka ‘be’-nya adalah is, am atau are
Contoh:
- Active : He meets them everyday
- Passive : They are met by him everyday
- Active : She waters this plant every two days
- Passive : This plant is watered by her every two days
b. Jika active voice dalam past tense, maka ‘be’-nya adalah was atau were
Contoh:
- Active : He met them yesterday
- Passive : They were met by him yesterday
- Active : She watered this plant this morning
- Passive : This plant was watered by her this morning
c. Jika active voice dalam present perfect, maka ‘be’-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary has atau have, sehingga menjadi ‘has been’ atau ‘have been’
Contoh:
- Active : He has met them
- Passive : They have been met by him
- Active : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
- Passive : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.
d. Jika active voice dalam past perfet, maka ‘be’-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary had, sehingga menjadi had been
Contoh:
- Active : He had met them before I came.
- Passive : They had been met by him before I came.
- Active : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
- Passive : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here
e. Jika active voice dalam future tense, maka ‘be’-nya adalah be
Contoh:
- Active : He will meet them tomorrow.
- Passive : They will be met by him tomorrow.
- Active : She will water this plant this afternoon.
- Passive : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.
- Active : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
- Passive : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.
f. Jika active voice dalam future perfect tense, maka ‘be’-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary will have, sehingga menjadi ‘will have been’
Contoh:
- Active : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
- Passive : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.
- Active : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
- Passive : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.
g. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect tense, maka ‘be’-nya adalah been yang diletakkan setelah auxiliary would have, sehingga menjadi ‘would have been’.
Contoh:
- Active : He would have met them.
- Passive : They would have been met by him.
- Active : She would have watered this plant.
- Passive : This plant would have been watered by her.
h. Jika active voice dalam present continuous tense, maka ‘be’-nya adalah (is, am atau are) + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He is meeting them now.
- Passive : They are being met by him now.
- Active : She is watering this plant now.
- Passive : This plant is being watered by her now.
i. Jika active voice dalam past continuous tense, maka ‘be’-nya adalah (was atau were) + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He was meeting them.
- Passive : They were being met by him.
- Active : She was watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant was being watered by her.
j. Jika active voice dalam perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’-nya adalah (has/have) been + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He has been meeting them.
- Passive : They have been being met by him.
- Active : She has been watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant has been being watered by her.
k. Jika active voice dalam past perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’-nya adalah had been + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He had been meeting them.
- Passive : They had been being met by him.
- Active : She had been watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant had been being watered by her.
l. Jika active voice dalam future continuous tense, maka ‘be’-nya adalah will be + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He will be meeting them.
- Passive : They will be being met by him.
- Active : She will be watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant will be being watered by her.
m. Jika active voice dalam past future continuous tense, maka ‘be’-nya adalah would be + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He would be meeting them.
- Passive : They would be being met by him.
- Active : She would be watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
n. Jika active voice dalam future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’-nya adalah will have been + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He will have been meeting them.
- Passive : They will have been being met by him.
- Active : She will have been watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant will have been being watered by her.
o. Jika active voice dalam past future perfect continuous tense, maka ‘be’-nya adalah would have been + being.
Contoh:
- Active : He would be meeting them.
- Passive : They would be being met by him.
- Active : She would be watering this plant.
- Passive : This plant would be being watered by her.
Contoh-contoh yang lain:
- Koko’s nose is bleeding. He was punched by his friend right on his nose. (Hidung Koko sedang berdarah. Dia dipukul oleh temannya tepat di hidungnya).
- Indonesian football team was beaten by Saudi Arabian team. (Team sepakbola Indonesia dikalahkan oleh team arab Saudi).
- These plants were watered by my sister a few minutes ago. (Tanaman-tanaman ini disirami oleh adikku beberapa menit yang lalu).
- There is no meal left. All has been devoured by Yeyes. (Tidak ada makan yang tersisa. Semuanya telah dilahap habis oleh Yeyes).
- English is studied by all high school students. (Bahasa Inggris dipelajari oleh semua murid sekolah menengah lanjutan (SMP dan SMA).
Problem with Passive Verbs
ð The difference between an active and a passive verb is that the subject in a active sentence does the action of the verb, and the subject in a passive sentence receives the action of the verb.
ð To convert a sentence from active to passive, two changes must be made.
1. The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence, while the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
2. The verb in the passive sentence is formed by putting the helping verb be in the same form as the verb in the active sentence and than adding the past participle of this verb.
Example : Margaret wrote the letter
S V O
The letter was written by Margaret
S V O
Skill 37 : Use The Correct Form of the Passive
General Pattern :
Note : In the scientific text, a sentence is often written in a passive form because the important idea is not who did something but what is done
THE PASSIVE FORM OF MODALS AND SIMILAR EXPRESSIONS
THE PASSIVE FORM : modal + be + past participle
(a) The professor of Fluid dynamics will be invented to the International Conference in ITS.
(b) Flowcharting can’t be restricted by a particular program on any particular.
(c) The components should be restored in one box to avoid damage.
(d) Synthetic polymers may be used to increase flammability.
(e) This theory had better be applied to the next experiment.
(f) This research ought to be completed before June 1st .
(g) The program has to be conducted in proper working order.
(h) The plenary is supposed to be held after dinner.
THE PAST-PASSIVE FORM : modal + have been + past participle
(i) The final report of steel acrh bridge design should have been sent last week.
(j) This harbour must have been constructed over 200 years ago.
(k) The road ought to have been asphalted two days ago.
